Kiryukhin A.V. 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5468-1452, Zhuravlev N.B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6912-0471, Burnaikin D.N., Tokarev I.V.
(2025)
Conceptual numerical modeling of low-temperature nitrogen geothermal systems on the Verkhne-Paratunsky and Paratunsky fields
// Geothermics.
Iss. 131.
No. 103341.
pp. 1-19.
doi: 10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103341.
![[thumbnail of Kiryukhin Zhuravlev Tokarev Burnaikin (2025) Verkhne-Partatunsky field.pdf]](http://repo.kscnet.ru/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Полный текст
Kiryukhin Zhuravlev Tokarev Burnaikin (2025) Verkhne-Partatunsky field.pdf - Опубликованная версия Creative Commons Attribution No Derivatives Скачать (20MB) |
Официальный URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/...
Аннотация
The Paratunsky and Verkhne-Paratunsky fields (Kamchatka, Russia) are examples of low-temperature nitrogen (LT N2) geothermal systems that are widespread throughout the world and are believed to have formed as a result of penetration of meteoric water into deep faults and heat mining from host rocks under background heat flow and temperature gradient conditions. However, no one has tested the geologically long-term thermal recharge capability of such systems to be recharged by heat and water under real 3D environmental conditions. A solution to this unsolved problem has been obtained here using specific examples. The two closely spaced reservoirs are 15 km apart, composed of volcanogenic rocks of Eocene-Quaternary age and characterized by shallow permeability reservoirs underlain by extinct volcanic conductive roots, where 60–90 ◦C thermal N2 SO4–Na waters circulate. The Paratunsky reservoir has a 60-year history of intensive exploitation (150–250 kg/s), while the Verkhne-Paratunsky reservoir is just being brought into development. Application of a simple radial-cylindrical (RZ) model to the Verkhne-Paratunsky geothermal system allowed us to show the principal possibility of formation of a circulating hydrothermal system in a structure with a radius of about 15 km and a circulation depth of -3 km within the first thousand years at a temperature of 60 ◦C and a flow rate of 60 kg/s.
Then a three-dimensional numerical (3D) model of the Verkhne- Paratunsky and Paratunsky low-temperature nitrogen geothermal system was constructed, assuming that the upper part of the pre-Cretaceous basement is a permeable conduit surface and the roots of extinct volcanoes provide vertical down-flow recharge and up-flow discharge of this natural heat and mass circulation system. This numerical model covers all significant thermal discharge features, recharge area of the adjacent highlands. Subsequent modeling confirms the possibility of increasing the temperature to 80 ◦C, diluting the initially brine-saturated NaCl permeable reservoirs and maintaining up-flow rate at observed values for thousands of years from the onset of hydrothermal circulation.
| Тип объекта: | Статья |
|---|---|
| Название: | Conceptual numerical modeling of low-temperature nitrogen geothermal systems on the Verkhne-Paratunsky and Paratunsky fields |
| Язык: | English |
| Издание: | Geothermics |
| ISSN Print: | 0375-6505 |
| ISSN Online: | 1879-3576 |
| Ключевые слова: | Heat mining, Hydrothermal, Model, Paratunsky, RZ structure, 3D, Low temperature, Nitrogen, TOUGH2 |
| Тематика: | 3 ГРНТИ - Государственный рубрикатор научно-технической информации > 38 ГЕОЛОГИЯ > 38.61 Гидрогеология > 38.61.05 Моделирование гидрогеологических процессов 3 ГРНТИ - Государственный рубрикатор научно-технической информации > 38 ГЕОЛОГИЯ > 38.61 Гидрогеология > 38.61.15 Динамика и режим подземных вод 3 ГРНТИ - Государственный рубрикатор научно-технической информации > 38 ГЕОЛОГИЯ > 38.61 Гидрогеология > 38.61.17 Гидрогеохимия 3 ГРНТИ - Государственный рубрикатор научно-технической информации > 38 ГЕОЛОГИЯ > 38.61 Гидрогеология > 38.61.19 Минеральные, термальные воды и рассолы 3 ГРНТИ - Государственный рубрикатор научно-технической информации > 38 ГЕОЛОГИЯ > 38.61 Гидрогеология > 38.61.31 Ресурсы подземных вод 3 ГРНТИ - Государственный рубрикатор научно-технической информации > 38 ГЕОЛОГИЯ > 38.61 Гидрогеология > 38.61.91 Региональная гидрогеология 1 Вулканы > 1.1 Вулканы Курило-Камчатского региона > 1.1.1 Камчатка > Вилючинский |
| Список литературы: | Al-Kbodi, B.H., Rajeh, T., Li, Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, T., Zayed, M.E., 2023. Heat extraction analyses and energy consumption characteristics of novel designs of geothermal borehole heat exchangers with elliptic and oval double U-tube structures. Appl. Therm. Eng. 235, 121418.
Arnason, B., 1976. Hydrothermal systems in Iceland traced by deuterium. Geothermics. 5 (1/4), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(77)90015-3. Axelsson, G., Gunnlaugsson, E., Th, Jonasson, Olafsson, M., 2010. Low temperature geothermal utilization in Iceland — decades of experience. Geothermics. 39, 329–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2010.09.002. Barabanov L.N., Disler V.N. Nitrogen Therms of the USSR // Ministry of Health of the USSR, Central Institute of Balneology and Therapy. Moscow, 1968, 120 p. (in Russian). Bergal-Kuvikas, O., Bindeman, I., Chugaev, A., et al., 2022. Pleistocene-holocene monogenetic volcanism at the Malko-Petropavlovsk Zone of transverse dislocations on Kamchatka: geochemical features and genesis. Pure Appl. Geophys. 179, 3989–4011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-022-02956-7. Bodvarsson, G., 1983. Temperature/flow statistics and thermodynamics of low temperature geothermal systems in Iceland. J. Volcanol. Geothermal Res. 19, 255–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(83)90114-2. Finsterle, S., 2014. iTOUGH2 V7.0 Command Reference. Rep. LBNL-40041 Rev. Lawrence Berkeley Natl. Lab., Berkeley, California. Genter, A., Baujard, C., Cuenot, N., et al., 2016. Geology, geophysics and geochemistry in the upper Rhine Graben: the frame for geothermal energy use. European Geothermal Congress 2016 Strasbourg, p. 5. France19–24 September 2016. Gherardi, F., Panichi, C., Caliro, S., Magro, G., Pennisi, M., 2000. Water and gas geochemistry of the Euganean and Berician thermal district (Italy). Applied Geochemistry 15, 455–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00056-6. Johannesson, P., Chatenay, C., Thorsteinsson, H., Atlason, I., Albertsson, A., 2016. How Policy, Technology and Innovation can Foster Geothermal District Heating Development. An Icelandic Case Study. EGC, Strasbourg. http://www.verkis.com /media/pdf/id-624-Westman-islands-utgefid_mlogo.pdf. Kharitonova, N.A., Lyamina, L.A., Chelnokov, G.A., Bragin, I.V., Karabtsov, A.A., Tarasenko, I.A., Nakamura, H., Iwamori, H., 2020. Chemical and isotopic composition of nitrogen thermal waters of the Kuldur Deposit (JAR, Russia). Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology. (5), 77–91. https://doi.org/10.33623/0579- 9406-2020-5-77-91. In Russian. Kharitonova, N.A., Baranovskaya, E.I., Chelnokov, G.A., Bragin, I.V., Aseeva, A.V., Karabtsov, A.A., 2024. Geochemistry and genesis of thermal waters of Northwestern Central Asia. In: Proceedings on the XXIV All-Russian Conference on Groundwater of the East of Russia, Yekaterinburg, pp. 64–68 in Russian. https://igduran.ru/files/ eshop/elibrary/2024_podzemnaya_gidrosfera.pdf. Kiryukhin, P.A., Kiryukhin, A.V., 2017. Frac-Digger2. Certificate of State Registration of Computer Programs # 2017618050 of 21.09.2017. Kiryukhin, A.V., Yampolsky, V.A., 2004. Modeling study of the Pauzhetsky geothermal field, Kamchatka, Russia. Geothermics 33, 421–441. Kiryukhin A.V., Zhuravlev N.B. 2024. Modeling of the formation conditions of nitrogen hydrothermal systems. В: Proceedings on the XXIV All-Russian Conference on Groundwater of the East of Russia, Yekaterinburg, pp. 274–279 (in Russian) https://i gduran.ru/files/eshop/elibrary/2024_podzemnaya_gidrosfera.pdf. Kiryukhin, A.V., Vorozheikina, L.A., Voronin, P.О., Kiryukhin, P.A., 2017a. Thermal- Permeability structure and recharge conditions of the low temperature Paratunsky geothermal reservoirs, Kamchatka, Russia. Geothermics 70, 47–61. Kiryukhin, A.V., Polyakov, Y.A., Usacheva, O.O., Kiryukhin, P.A., 2018. Thermal- permeability structure and recharge conditions of the Mutnovsky high-temperature geothermal field (Kamchatka, Russia). J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. 356, 36–55. Kiryukhin, A., Lavrushin, V., Kiryukhin, P., Voronin, P., 2017b. Geofluid Systems of Koryaksky-Avachinsky Volcanoes (Kamchatka, Russia). Geofluids 2017, 4279652. Kiryukhin, A.V., 1993. High temperature fluid flows in the Mutnovsky hydrothermal system, Kamchatka. Geothermics 23 (1), 49–64. Kiryukhin, V.A., 2005. Regional hydrogeology. St. Petersburg 344 in Russian. St. Petersburg Kiryukhin, A.V., Eko-Vector, I-P, 2020. Geothermofluidomechanics of hydrothermal, Volcanic and Hydrocarbon Systems. St. Petersburgin Russian. https ://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=45739830. Kiryukhin, A.V., Kiryukhin, V.A., Manukhin, Yu.F., 2010. Hydrogeology of Volcanogenes. St Petersburg, Nauka, p. 395 in Russian. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp? id=48388631. Kononov, V.I., 1983. Geochemistry of Thermal Waters in Modern Volcanic Areas. Moscow, Nauka, p. 216. Kuzmina, E.A., 2023. Relationship Between Nitrogenous Thermal Waters and Fault Tectonics of the Barguzin-Bauntov branch of the Baikal rift System basins. Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. Dissertation, Irkutsk, p. 230 in Russian. http://www.crust.irk. ru/images/upload/newsfull229/3851.pdf. Leonov, V.L., Rogozin, A.N., 2007. Karymshina – a giant caldera-supervolcano in Kamchatka: boundaries, structure, volume of pyroclastics. Volcanol. Seismol. 5, 14–28 (in Russian). Li, Y.M., 2023. Formation of the hydrothermal system from granite reservoir for power generation in igneous rock areas of South China. Geothermics. 110, 102673. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2023.102673/. Long-lived center of endogenous activity in southern Kamchatka. M. Nauka, 1980. 170 p. (in Russian). Lyamina, L.A., 2022. Hydrogeological Conditions of Formation of Low-Enthalpy Mineral Waters in Crystalline Rock Massifs (on the Example of Kuldur field, Jewish Autonomous Region). Candidate’s thesis. Moscow, p. 162 in Russian. https://dissove t.msu.ru/download/1c0ad192-70bb-11ed-81d7-005056b93961. Maltseva, K.I., Nazhalova, I.N., Raicheva, I.S., 1993. Study of Groundwater Regime At the Sites of the Reference Hydrogeological Network and Representative Basin “Plotnikova-Dalniy”. Long-term report On the Study of Groundwater Regime On the Territory of Kamchatka region For 1986-1990. Report of State Geological Syrvey Kamchatgeologiya, Thermalny. Manukhin, Y.F., Vorozheikina, L.F., 1976. Hydrogeology of Paratunsky hydrothermal System and Conditions of Its formation. Hydrothermal Systems and Geothermal Fields of Kamchatka. DVNC AN USSR, Vladivostok, pp. 143–178 in Russian. Marinkovi´c, G., 2023. Case study of mountainous geothermal reservoirs (Kopaonik Mt., southwestern Serbia): fault-controlled fluid compartmentalization within a late Paleogene-Neogene core-complex. Geothermics. 114, 102799. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.geothermics.2023.102799. Matychenkov, V.E., 1992. Thermomineral Waters of Kyrgyzia. Candidate’s thesis. St Petersburg, p. 282 in Russian. https://viewer.rsl.ru/ru/rsl01000320578. Peiffer, L., Inguaggiato, C., Wurl, J., Fletcher, J., Martínez, M., Martínez, D., Legrand, D., Hernandez-Morales, P., Reinoza, C., Tchamab´e, B., Arana-Salinas, L., Casarín, R., 2024. Geochemistry of coastal geothermal systems from southern Baja California peninsula (Mexico): fluid origins, water-rock interaction and tectonics. Chem. Geol. 670, 122316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122316, 2024. Peng, C., 2023. Assessment of thermal water and energy recoverable rate based on express method: a case study of Reshuiwei geothermal field. Geothermics. 114, 102789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2023.102789. PetraSim User Manual //Rockware Inc, 2024, p. 152. https://www.rockware.com/dow nloads/documentation/petrasim/PetraSimManual.pdf. Pola, M., Fabbri, P., Piccinini, L., Zampieri, D., 2015. Conceptual and numerical models of a tectonically-controlled geothermal system: a case study of the Euganean Geothermal System, Northern Italy. Central Eur. Geol. 58, 129–151. https://doi.org/ 10.1556/24.58.2015.1-2.9. Polyak, B.G., Lavrushin, V.Y., Cheshko, A.L., Kikvadze, O.E., 2022. Therms of Chukotka /- Moscow: GEOS 222 in Russian. Program Library LIDA-3 For Function Approximation and Digital Filtration of Signals and Images. Novosibirsk, 1987. Siberian Division of the USSR Academy of Sciences, p. 169 in Russian. Pruess, K., Oldenburg, C., Moridis, G., 1999. TOUGH2 User’s guide, Version 2.0. Rep. LBNL-43134. Lawrence Berkeley Natl. Lab., Berkeley, California. Rajeh, T., Al-Kbodi, B.H., Zayed, M.E., Li, Y., Zhao, J., Rehman, S., 2024a. Local entropy generation optimization and thermodynamic irreversibility analysis of oval-shaped coaxial ground heat exchangers: a detailed numerical investigation. Int. J. Heat. Mass Transf. 228, 125650. Rajeh, T., Al-Kbodi, B.H., Li, Y., Zhao, J., Zayed, M.E., Rehman, S., 2024b. Comparative Numerical Modeling Complemented With Multi-Objective Optimization and Dynamic Life Cycle Assessment of Coaxial Ground Heat Exchangers With Oval- Shaped and Typical Circular-Shaped Configurations/Applied Thermal Engineering, 244, 122673. Rybach, L., 1981. Geothermal systems conductive heat flow, geothermal anomalies. In: Geothermal Systems Principles and Case Histories. Pergamon Press, N.Y, pp. 3–32. Sandwell, D., Anderson, D., Wessel, P., 2005. Global Tectonic Maps. Plates, Plumes and Paradigms. Geological Society of America, Paper 388, pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/ 10.1130/0-8137-2388-4.1. Schill, E., Genter, A., 2013. EGS Geothermal Challenges within the Upper Rhine Valley based on Soultz Experience. In: Proc. Third European Geothermal Review, Mainz, Germany, June 24–26, 2013, p. 16. Shvartsev, S.L., Zamana, L.V., Plyusnin, A.M., Tokarenko, O.G., 2016. Equilibrium of nitrogen-rich spring waters of the Baikal Rift Zone with host rock minerals as a basis for determining mechanisms of their formation. Geochem. Int. 53 (8), 713–725. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702915060087. Surmaazhav, D., 2022. Thermal waters in hydrogeologic structures of the Khangai Rise of central Mongolia. Extended Abstract Cand. Sci. Dissertation, Irkutsk 164 in Russian. http://www.crust.irk.ru/images/upload/newsfull200/2916.pdf. Tokarev, I., Poturay, V., Yakovlev, E., 2024. Estimation of the thermal water formation at the Kuldur site (Amur region, Russia) according to water isotope composition (2H, 18O). Environ. Earth. Sci. 83, 126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-024-11422-7. Torresan, A., Piccinini, L., Pola, M., Zampieri, D., Fabbri, P., 2020. 3D hydrogeological reconstruction of the fault-controlled Euganean Geothermal System (NE Italy). Eng. Geol. 274, 105740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105740. Yin, H., Zayed, M.E., Li, Y., Yang, L., Fan, Y., Wang, Z., Yin, L., Zhao, J., Hassan Al- Kbodi, B., Rehman, S., 2024. Thermo-economic performance of a leaky downhole coaxial geothermal system for maximizing geothermal energy production: numerical investigation. Renew. Energy 232, 121082. Zayed, M.E., Shboul, B., Yin, H., Zhao, J., Zayed, A.A., 2023. Recent advances in geothermal energy reservoirs modeling: challenges and potential of thermo-fluid integrated models for reservoir heat extraction and geothermal energy piles design. J. Energy Storage 62, 106835. Zimin, V.M., Serezhnikov, A.I., 1976. Geologic Structure of Paratunsky Geothermal Area, Influence of Geological Factors on Modern Hydrothermal Activity In the Book Hydrothermal Systems Thermal Fields of Kamchatka. FESC USSR, Vladivostok, pp. 115–142 (in Russian). Zippa, E.V., 2020. Geochemistry of thermal waters of Jiangxi Province (China). Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. Dissertation, Tomsk 126 in Russian. http://earchive.tpu.ru /handle/11683/58046. |
| Разместивший пользователь: | Никита Борисович Журавлев |
| Дата размещения: | 23 Авг 2026 22:46 |
| Последнее изменение: | 23 Авг 2026 22:46 |
| URI: | http://repo.kscnet.ru/id/eprint/5034 |
Действия с объектом
 |
Редактировать (только для владельца) |